Eczema is a group of hereditary skins condition that causes red patches on the face and body. Though eczema usually appears during childhood, many sufferers do not have their first outbreak until later in life. Some young children who develop eczema can grow out of it and have no further outbreaks. Eczema appears by the age of five in most patients.
Redness and itching are usually the first signs of eczema. Though uncomfortable and unsightly, it can usually be treated and managed with success. It is most commonly found on the face, hands, feet or knees. If the itch is left untreated, persistent scratching can cause scars.
Doctors are not sure what causes eczema, but believe it is a response of the immune system and closely related to allergies. Irritants like hot or cold, some fabrics, jewelry and certain household products may trigger an outbreak. Stress is also thought to aggravate eczema.
Eczema is not contagious. Scratching can lead to infection, so most treatments will focus on relieving the itch and preventing infection. For most cases, over-the-counter products to relieve itching will work. If it persists or gets worse, doctors can prescribe creams or injections. Stubborn cases may need oral steroids and antibiotics for infection.
Since eczema seems closely related to allergies, antihistamines are sometimes effective. A family doctor, dermatologist or allergy specialist can treat eczema. To prevent an outbreak, doctors recommend keeping the skin moisturized and avoiding irritants such as harsh soaps or detergents. Avoiding extreme heat or cold and preventing sweating also helps.
Eczema can have different appearances depending on the type and the patient. A doctor can determine if the condition is eczema, psoriasis or urticaria –which can look similar to untrained eyes.